دورُ العرفِ في ضبطِ مسائل التقابض الحكميّ في المعاملاتِ الماليةِ المعاصرةِ

Abstract: This research will address the role of custom in controlling important and contemporary issues of the provisions of financial transactions, which are the issues of discretionary exchange, the rooting for this role, and setting controls that are considered a criterion, determining the course of the provisions of discretionary exchange in our contemporary transactions, and the consequent jurisprudential impact, This research will contribute to solving the problems of discretionary intercourse in many modern transactions that occur through modern means of communication, or by using new technologies, and this solution is through knowing the controls that control issues of intercourse, which custom contributed to finding, not by addressing all the particles and branches of jurisprudence, Thus, it is an unprecedented fundamentalist study in two respects: the first: it shows the role of custom in classifying the issues of discretionary interaction, and its role in determining values, disposition and guarantee, and second: in shaping the conclusion and the result in the form of an officer or a standard that will make it easier for scholars to know the limits and the space in which custom intervenes in Adjust discretionary handling issues.

Keywords: the importance of custom – discretionary exchange – the role of custom in contemporary transactions – the role of custom in directing rulings – custom and exchange – controls of discretionary exchange.

المستخلص: سَيْتَنَاوَلُ هَذا الْبَحْثُ دَورَ الْعَرَفِ فِي ضَبْطِ مُسَائِلَ مُهِمَّةً وَمُعَاصِرَةً مِنْ أَحْكَامِ الْمُعَامَلاتِ الْمَالِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ مُسائِل الْتِقابِضِ الْحُكْمِي، والتَّأْصِيلُ لِهَذا الدُّورِ، وَوَضْع ضَوَابِطَ تُعْتَبرُ مَعْياراً، تُحَدِّدُ مَسَارَ أَحْكَامِ التَّقابِضِ الْحُكْمِي فِي مُعامَلاتِنَا الْمُعَاصِرَةِ، وَما يَتَرَتَّبُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَثَرٍ فِقَهِيَ، وَسَيُسْهُمُ هَذا الْبَحْثُ فِي حَلِّ إِشْكَالِيَّاتِ الْتِقابِضِ الْحُكْمِي فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمُعَامَلاتِ الْعَصْرِيَّةِ الَّتِي تَحْدُثُ عَبْرَ وَسَائِلِ الِاِتِّصَالِ الْحَدِيثَةِ، أَوْ بِاسْتِعْمَالِ التِّقْنِيَّاتِ الْجَدِيدَةِ، وَهَذَا الْحُلُّ مِنْ خِلَالِ مَعْرِفَةِ الضَّوَابِطِ الَّتِي تَضْبَطُ مُسَائِل الْتِقابِضِ، وَالَّتِي سَاهَمَ الْعَرَفُ فِي إيجَادِها، لَا مِنْ خِلَالِ التَّطْرِقِ لِكُلِّ الْجَزْئِيَّاتِ وَالْفُرُوعِ الْفِقْهِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ بِذَلِكِ دِرَاسَةٌ أُصُولِيَّةٌ غَيْرَ مَسْبُوقَةٍ مِنْ ناحِيَتَيْنِ: الْأُولَى: أَنَّها بَيَّنَت دُورَ الْعَرَفِ فِي تَصْنِيف مَسَائِل الْتِقابِضِ الْحُكْمِي، وَدَوَّرَهُ فِي تَحْدِيدِ الْقِيَمِ وَالتَّصَرُّفِ والضَّمَانِ، وَالثَّانِيَة: فِي تَشْكِيلِ الْخَلاصَةِ والنَّتِيجَةِ عَلَى شَكْلِ ضَابِطٍ أَوْ مَعَيَّارٍ سَيُسَهِّلُ عَلَى الدَّارِسِينَ مَعْرِفَة الْحُدُودِ وَالْمِسَاحَةِ الَّتِي يَتَدَخَّلُ فيها الْعَرَفُ فِي ضَبْطِ مَسائِل الْتِقابِضِ الْحُكْمِيِّ. 

الْكَلِماتِ المِفْتاحِيَةِ: أَهَمِّيَّة الْعَرَفِ- الْتِقابِضُ الْحُكْمِي- دَوْرُ الْعَرَفِ فِي الْمُعامَلاتِ الْمُعَاصِرَةِ – دَوْرُ الْعَرَفِ فِي تَوْجِيهِ الْأَحْكامِ– الْعُرَف وَالتَّقابِض– ضَوَابِط الْتِقابِضِ الْحُكْمِيِّ.