العلاقات بين التحكيم القبلي والقضاء الرسمي

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة العلاقة بين القضاء القبلي والقضاء الرسمي في الجمهورية اليمنية، وذلك عن طريق تسليط الضوء على الأثر القانوني لإجراءات القضاء القبلي على الأحكام الصادرة عن القضاء الرسمي، ولتحقيق الغاية من هذه الدراسة اعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، عن طريق جمع المعلومات وأقوال الفقه المتعلقة بموضوع العلاقة بين القضاء القبلي والقضاء الرسمي للوقوف على آرائهم والاستعانة بها لفهم إشكاليات هذا البحث، بالإضافة إلى تجميع البيانات الرئيسية ذات الصلة بالدراسة عن طريق إجراء المقابلات المعمقة (المقابلة المباشرة) مع عدد من ذوي الشأن. وتوصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها أن العلاقة بين القضاء القبلي والقضاء النظامي تأخذ شكلين رئيسيين، الشكل الأول عندما يقتصر دور القضاء القبلي على احتواء النزاع ووضع حد لردود الأفعال دون تجاوز ذلك عبر إصدار الأحكام والقرارات، فإن عمل القضاء القبلي يعد مكملا لعمل القضاء النظامي في مثل هذه الحالة. ويكون عمل القضاء القبلي بديلا عن القضاء النظامي، عندما يقوم ممثلو القضاء القبلي بالتدخل في النزاع من خلال إصدار قرارات وأحكام تتعامل مع نتائج القضية. كما أظهرت الدراسة أن القضاء القبلي يلعب دورا استراتيجيا في حل الكثير من الخلافات الكبيرة، كما أنه يخفف عن القضاء النظامي عبء ملفات القضايا. كما توصي الدراسة بضرورة تنظيم القضاء العرفي على صعيد المرجعيات والاحكام. الكلمات المفتاحية: القانون- التحكيم القبلي- القضاء الرسمي – اليمن.

This study aims to gain insight on the Relations between tribal arbitration and formal judiciary by highlighting the legal effect of tribal judiciary procedures on rules issued by formal judiciary. To this end, the researcher applies a descriptive- analytical approach, through collecting data and jurisprudence on the relationship between tribal arbitration and formal judiciary to explore and use their opinions in understanding research dilemmas. In addition, the key data of the research will be collected through in- depth direct interviews with relevant stakeholders. The researcher reached a number of findings, the most important of which is that the relationship between the tribal arbitration and the systematic judiciary takes two main forms. The first is when the role of the tribal arbitration is limited to containing the conflict and putting an end to the reactions merely by arbitral awards and decisions. In this case, the function of the tribal arbitration is complementary to that of the regular judiciary. The function of the tribal arbitration is an alternative to the regular judiciary when the representatives of the tribal arbitration intervene in the dispute by issuing awards and rulings that deal with the outcome of the dispute. The study also demonstrates that the tribal arbitration plays a strategic role in resolving disputes. It further alleviates the great burden of cases dealt by the formal judiciary. Moreover, the study recommends the prerequisite for the organization of the customary judiciary in terms of precedents and rulings. Keywords: Law- Tribal Arbitration- Formal Judiciary- Yemen.

This study aims to gain insight on the Relations between tribal arbitration and formal judiciary by highlighting the legal effect of tribal judiciary procedures on rules issued by formal judiciary. To this end, the researcher applies a descriptive- analytical approach, through collecting data and jurisprudence on the relationship between tribal arbitration and formal judiciary to explore and use their opinions in understanding research dilemmas. In addition, the key data of the research will be collected through in- depth direct interviews with relevant stakeholders. The researcher reached a number of findings, the most important of which is that the relationship between the tribal arbitration and the systematic judiciary takes two main forms. The first is when the role of the tribal arbitration is limited to containing the conflict and putting an end to the reactions merely by arbitral awards and decisions. In this case, the function of the tribal arbitration is complementary to that of the regular judiciary. The function of the tribal arbitration is an alternative to the regular judiciary when the representatives of the tribal arbitration intervene in the dispute by issuing awards and rulings that deal with the outcome of the dispute. The study also demonstrates that the tribal arbitration plays a strategic role in resolving disputes. It further alleviates the great burden of cases dealt by the formal judiciary. Moreover, the study recommends the prerequisite for the organization of the customary judiciary in terms of precedents and rulings. Keywords: Law- Tribal Arbitration- Formal Judiciary- Yemen.